All information is carried along the cranial nerves to part of the lower section of the brainstem (the medulla oblongata). The final step in perceiving taste is transfer to the nervous system. Infants and young children also have sensory cells on their hard palate, in the middle of their tongue as well as in the mucous membranes of their lips and cheeks. But there are also cells that detect taste elsewhere inside the oral cavity: in the back of the throat, epiglottis, the nasal cavity, and even in the upper part of the esophagus.
Most of the taste buds are on the tongue.
The sensory cells in the taste buds are renewed once a week. Adults have between 2,000 and 4,000 taste buds in total. The taste buds are located in the walls and grooves of the papillae. This makes sure that the substances are detected and analyzed by as many sensory cells as possible before being swallowed. The chemical substances responsible for the taste are washed into this funnel-like hollow. In the middle of the top side is a small indentation filled with fluid. These bumps, which are called taste papillae, contain many sensory cells with a special structure: together with other cells they make up a bud that looks a bit like an orange with its sections arranged around a center. The numerous wart-like bumps on the mucous membrane of the tongue are where the substance producing the taste is transformed into a nerve signal. These nerve cells then pass information for a particular perception of flavor on to the brain. This change causes the sensory cell to transmit messenger substances, which in turn activate further nerve cells. It activates the cell by changing specific proteins in the wall of the sensory cell. It starts at the tongue: From substance to tasteīut what is taste actually? What happens in our body that enables us to perceive flavor? The chemical substance responsible for the taste is freed in the mouth and comes into contact with a nerve cell.
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